Burner for hydrocarbon gases



Nov. 24, 1936. v w CARTTER 2,061,562

BURNER FOR HYDROGARBON GASES Filed NOV. 19, 1952 INVENTOR.

A TTORNEY.

Patented Nov.- 24, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,061,562 V FORHYDROCARBON GASES William G. Cartter, Monrovia, Calif. ApplicationNovember 19, 1932, Serial No. 643,514 4 Claims. (01. 158113) a Objectsof the inventionar'e to increase the supply of secondary air toprevent flashback, and to provide an improved burner that will burnquietly and with ahotter flame.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a vertical section of a burnerembodying my device, the section being taken on the line l-| of Figure3. Figure. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 3.Figure 3 is a cross-section on theline 3-3 of Figure 1. Figure 4 is avertical section on an enlarged scale to illustrate the course .of thegas currents and the structureof the flame. Figure 5 is a cross-sectionon the line 5-5 of Figure 4 at the upper edge of the cone 5 toillustrate the effect of the supports 6.

on the burner is a bell 4 extending. outwardly and forwardly beyond theexit end. thereof at an angle with the axis thereof. The bell ispositioned near to but separated from the exit end of the burner so as:to permit the formation of inwardly and outwardly flowing currents ofair. The effect of the bell is to socontrol the supply of secondary airto the flame issuing from the burner outlet as to'bring the point, ofcombustion back to the outlet of the burner-and thus prevent the roaringnoise.v The velocity of the escaping gas from the burner outlet createsan outflowing current of air which in 'turn produces an inflowingcurrent of air along the side of the bell next to the burner outlet,which serves to retard the outflowing current of air and also thevelocity of the escaping jet of gas and carries an additional supply ofsecondary air to the outlet of the burner.

In the use of burners of the Bunsen type, as is well-known, the flametakes the form of a long, narrow pencil and if the pressure of gas istoo high it becomes extremely noisy and may be blown out entirely, whileif too low, or the proportion of air in the gas too great, the rate ofcombustion becomes greater than the velocity of the gas in the mixingtube and takes flre within the mixing tube, forming which is known as aflashback. The bell 4 already referred to. to a very great degreecounteracts the noise and the danger of backflashing and blowing out butdoes not change the form of the flame.. By the spreading member 5,however, it becomes possible to use almost any desired pres- 'of thehighest intensity.

The spreading member 5 is in the form of a flattenedcone and is mounteda short distance aflbve the top ofv the bell 4, or of the Bunsen tube 5if the bell is'not used. As is well-known in the operation of Bunsenburners of the ordinary types, thegas'escaping from the tube takes flreonly on the outside surface, and there is a central core of considerablesize of unignited' gas in the middle of the escaping jet. The cone5 ismounted on supports 6, so placed and of such length as to bring thevertex, or point I, of. the cone well within this unignited centralcore. Inthis position it does not act as an ordinary baille, for inthese the Jet of flame plays directly on the baflle which, therefore,becomes intensly heated. In my device,

' however, owing to the position of the cone 5, the

burning gas never. comes in contact with the cone 5, but there is alayer 9 of unignited gas atall times between the flame 8 and the lowersurface of the cone 5 asshown'in Figure 4.

and to the gases-issuing beyond the cone is highly important. If theflame 8 is left entirely uninterrupted it partially prevents this accessof air. The supports 6, howeven'are made of sufficient width to formbreaks I 3 in the flame as shown in Figure 5. The air passes inwardthrough these breaks andgets free access to the escaping gases. It thusappears that by the use of my device on a burner of the Bunsen type the40 jet of gas is changed from a pencil to a thin sheet and thus verygreatly increases the surface exposed to secondary .air and serves atthe same time to shorten the flame and increase its size and intensity.It also promotes quiet burning and avoids flashing back, for it will benoted that, owing to the smooth conical shape of the cone 5 it does notmaterially decrease the velocity of the escaping jet, but merely changesits direction. It will also be noted that, as already stated, theignited gases never come in contact with the cone at all, or if they doat low pressure, they will just touch it at the extreme outer edge andthe cone is, therefore, cooled by being bathed continuously in a coolstream of unignited gas and thus its durability is greatly increased.

I claim:

1. The combination in a burner for the con- 5 sumption of hydrocarbongases provided with a mixing tube, openings for the admission of gas andair to the mixing tube, and a jetting element for the escape of themixture from the mixing tube, of a bell having a portion in immedi- 10ate proximity to said jetting element near the mouth thereof, and aportion extending from said first mentioned portion outwardly beyond themouth of the jetting element and throughout its full extent divergingtherefrom, said bell 15 being cooperatively related to the jettingelement whereby to cooperate therewith in causing a steady outwardlyflowing current of air next to the flame, and a steady flow of incomingair along the inner side of the bell in opposition to and 20 to retardthe outwardly flowing current of air and the jetted mixture, and amember having a bottom face flaring outwardly and upwardly from arelatively low central point to a relatively high marginal edge portion,mounted at 86 such a distance beyond the exit opening of said bell as tobe out of contact with the burning gas and with its lower extremitypositioned within the unignited portion of the jet of gas issuing fromthe burner, said member acting to I spread the jet of unignited gas.

2. The combination in a burner for the consumption of hydrocarbon gasesprovided with a mixing tube, openings for the admission of gas and airto the mixing tube, and a jetting ele- 85 ment for the escape of themixture from the mixing tube, of a bell having a portion in immediateproximity to said jetting element near the mouth thereof, and a portionextending from said first mentioned portion outwardly beyond 40 themouth of the jetting element and throughout its full extent divergingtherefrom, said bell being cooperatively related to the jetting elementwhereby to cooperate therewith in causing a steady outwardly flowingcurrent of air next to 45 the flame, and a steady flow of incoming airalong the inner side of the bell in opposition to and to retard theoutwardly flowing current of air and the jetted mixture, and a flattenedinverted cone mounted at such a distance beyond 50 the exit opening ofsaid bell as to be out of contact with the burning gas and with itslower extremity positioned within the unignited portion of the jet ofgas issuing from the burner, said cone acting to spread the jet ofunignited mediate proximity to said jetting element near the mouththereof, and a portion extending from said first mentioned portionoutwardly beyond the mouth of the jetting element and throughout itsfull extent diverging therefrom, said bell being cooperatively relatedto the jetting element whereby to cooperate therewith in causing asteady outwardly flowing current of air next to the flame, and a steadyflow of incoming air along the inner side of the bell in opposition toand to retard the outwardly flowing current of air and the jettedmixture, and a member having a bottom face flaring outwardly andupwardly from a relatively low central point to a relatively highmarginal edge portion, mounted at such a distance beyond the exitopening of said bell as to be out of contact with the burning gas andwith its lower extremity positioned within the unignited portion of thejet of gas issuing from the burner, said member acting to spread the jetof unignited gas, and means for supporting said member in position, saidmeans being adapted to cause breaks in the flame providing for thepassage of air inwardly to the escaping gases.

4. The combination in a burner for the consumption of hydrocarbon gasesprovided with a mixing tube, openings for the admission of gas and airto the mixing tube, and a jetting element for the escape of the mixturefrom the mixing tube, of a bell having a portion in immediate proximityto said jetting element near the mouth thereof, and a portion extendingfrom said first mentioned portion outwardly beyond the mouth of thejetting element and throughout its full extent diverging therefrom, saidbell being cooperatively related to the jetting element whereby tocooperate therewith in causing a steady outwardly flowing current of airnext to the flame, and a steady flow of incoming air along the innerside of .the bell in opposition to and to retard the outwardly flowingcurrent of air and the jetted mixture, and a member having a bottom faceflaring outwardly and upwardly from a relatively low central point to arelatively high marginal edge portion, mounted at such a distance beyondthe exit opening of said bell as to be out of contact with the buminggas and with its lower extremity positioned within the unignited portionof the jet of gas issuing from the burner, said member acting to spreadthe jet of unignited gas, and means for supporting said member inposition comprising bars extending upwardly from the outer marginalportion of the bell to the upper marginal portion of said member, saidbars being spaced from each other and being of substantial width to formbreaks in the flame providing for the passage of air inwardly to theescaping gases.

WILLIAM G. CARTIER.

